Frechet derivatives of analytic functions. #
A function expressible as a power series at a point has a Frechet derivative there.
Also the special case in terms of deriv
when the domain is 1-dimensional.
As an application, we show that continuous multilinear maps are smooth. We also compute their
iterated derivatives, in ContinuousMultilinearMap.iteratedFDeriv_eq
.
Main definitions and results #
AnalyticAt.differentiableAt
: an analytic function at a point is differentiable there.AnalyticOnNhd.fderiv
: in a complete space, if a function is analytic on a neighborhood of a sets
, so is its derivative.AnalyticOnNhd.fderiv_of_isOpen
: if a function is analytic on a neighborhood of an open sets
, so is its derivative.AnalyticOn.fderivWithin
: if a function is analytic on a set of unique differentiability, so is its derivative within this set.PartialHomeomorph.analyticAt_symm
: if a partial homeomorphismf
is analytic at a pointf.symm a
, with invertible derivative, then its inverse is analytic ata
.
Comments on completeness #
Some theorems need a complete space, some don't, for the following reason.
(1) If a function is analytic at a point x
, then it is differentiable there (with derivative given
by the first term in the power series). There is no issue of convergence here.
(2) If a function has a power series on a ball B (x, r)
, there is no guarantee that the power
series for the derivative will converge at y โ x
, if the space is not complete. So, to deduce
that f
is differentiable at y
, one needs completeness in general.
(3) However, if a function f
has a power series on a ball B (x, r)
, and is a priori known to be
differentiable at some point y โ x
, then the power series for the derivative of f
will
automatically converge at y
, towards the given derivative: this follows from the facts that this
is true in the completion (thanks to the previous point) and that the map to the completion is
an embedding.
(4) Therefore, if one assumes AnalyticOn ๐ f s
where s
is an open set, then f
is analytic
therefore differentiable at every point of s
, by (1), so by (3) the power series for its
derivative converges on whole balls. Therefore, the derivative of f
is also analytic on s
. The
same holds if s
is merely a set with unique differentials.
(5) However, this does not work for AnalyticOnNhd ๐ f s
, as we don't get for free
differentiability at points in a neighborhood of s
. Therefore, the theorem that deduces
AnalyticOnNhd ๐ (fderiv ๐ f) s
from AnalyticOnNhd ๐ f s
requires completeness of the space.
A function which is analytic within a set is strictly differentiable there. Since we
don't have a predicate HasStrictFDerivWithinAt
, we spell out what it would mean.
If a function has a power series on a ball, then so does its derivative.
If a function has a power series within a set on a ball, then so does its derivative.
If a function has a power series within a set on a ball, then so does its derivative. For a
version without completeness, but assuming that the function is analytic on the set s
, see
HasFPowerSeriesWithinOnBall.fderivWithin_of_mem_of_analyticOn
.
If a function is analytic on a set s
, so is its Frรฉchet derivative.
If a function is analytic on a set s
, so is its Frรฉchet derivative. See also
AnalyticOnNhd.fderiv_of_isOpen
, removing the completeness assumption but requiring the set
to be open.
Alias of AnalyticOnNhd.fderiv
.
If a function is analytic on a set s
, so is its Frรฉchet derivative. See also
AnalyticOnNhd.fderiv_of_isOpen
, removing the completeness assumption but requiring the set
to be open.
If a function is analytic on a set s
, so are its successive Frรฉchet derivative. See also
AnalyticOnNhd.iteratedFDeriv_of_isOpen
, removing the completeness assumption but requiring the set
to be open.
Alias of AnalyticOnNhd.iteratedFDeriv
.
If a function is analytic on a set s
, so are its successive Frรฉchet derivative. See also
AnalyticOnNhd.iteratedFDeriv_of_isOpen
, removing the completeness assumption but requiring the set
to be open.
If a function is analytic on a neighborhood of a set s
, then it has a Taylor series given
by the sequence of its derivatives. Note that, if the function were just analytic on s
, then
one would have to use instead the sequence of derivatives inside the set, as in
AnalyticOn.hasFTaylorSeriesUpToOn
.
If a function has a power series p
within a set of unique differentiability, inside a ball,
and is differentiable at a point, then the derivative series of p
is summable at a point, with
sum the given differential. Note that this theorem does not require completeness of the space.
If a function has a power series within a set on a ball, then so does its derivative. Version
assuming that the function is analytic on s
. For a version without this assumption but requiring
that F
is complete, see HasFPowerSeriesWithinOnBall.fderivWithin_of_mem
.
If a function is analytic within a set with unique differentials, then so is its derivative. Note that this theorem does not require completeness of the space.
If a function is analytic on a set s
, so are its successive Frรฉchet derivative within this
set. Note that this theorem does not require completeness of the space.
If a partial homeomorphism f
is analytic at a point a
, with invertible derivative, then
its inverse is analytic at f a
.
If a partial homeomorphism f
is analytic at a point f.symm a
, with invertible derivative,
then its inverse is analytic at a
.
If a function is analytic on a set s
in a complete space, so is its derivative.
Alias of AnalyticOnNhd.deriv
.
If a function is analytic on a set s
in a complete space, so is its derivative.
If a function is analytic on an open set s
, so is its derivative.
If a function is analytic on a set s
, so are its successive derivatives.
Alias of AnalyticOnNhd.iterated_deriv
.
If a function is analytic on a set s
, so are its successive derivatives.
The case of continuously polynomial functions. We get the same differentiability
results as for analytic functions, but without the assumptions that F
is complete.
If a function has a finite power series on a ball, then so does its derivative.
If a function has a finite power series on a ball, then so does its derivative.
This is a variant of HasFiniteFPowerSeriesOnBall.fderiv
where the degree of f
is < n
and not < n + 1
.
If a function is polynomial on a set s
, so is its Frรฉchet derivative.
If a function is polynomial on a set s
, so are its successive Frรฉchet derivative.
If a function is polynomial on a set s
, so is its derivative.
If a function is polynomial on a set s
, so are its successive derivatives.
Given f
a multilinear map, then the derivative of x โฆ f (gโ x, ..., gโ x)
at x
applied
to a vector v
is given by โ i, f (gโ x, ..., g'แตข v, ..., gโ x)
. Version inside a set.
Given f
a multilinear map, then the derivative of x โฆ f (gโ x, ..., gโ x)
at x
applied
to a vector v
is given by โ i, f (gโ x, ..., g'แตข v, ..., gโ x)
.
A continuous multilinear function f
admits a Taylor series, whose successive terms are given
by f.iteratedFDeriv n
. This is the point of the definition of f.iteratedFDeriv
.
The iterated derivative of an analytic function, on vectors (y, ..., y)
, is given by n!
times the n
-th term in the power series. For a more general result giving the full iterated
derivative as a sum over the permutations of Fin n
, see
HasFPowerSeriesOnBall.iteratedFDeriv_eq_sum
.
Derivative of a linear map into multilinear maps #
Given f
a linear map into multilinear maps, then the derivative
of x โฆ f (a x) (bโ x, ..., bโ x)
at x
applied to a vector v
is given by
f (a' v) (bโ x, ...., bโ x) + โ i, f a (bโ x, ..., b'แตข v, ..., bโ x)
. Version inside a set.
Given f
a linear map into multilinear maps, then the derivative
of x โฆ f (a x) (bโ x, ..., bโ x)
at x
applied to a vector v
is given by
f (a' v) (bโ x, ...., bโ x) + โ i, f a (bโ x, ..., b'แตข v, ..., bโ x)
.