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Mathlib.CategoryTheory.Limits.Final

Final and initial functors #

A functor F : C ⥤ D is final if for every d : D, the comma category of morphisms d ⟶ F.obj c is connected.

Dually, a functor F : C ⥤ D is initial if for every d : D, the comma category of morphisms F.obj c ⟶ d is connected.

We show that right adjoints are examples of final functors, while left adjoints are examples of initial functors.

For final functors, we prove that the following three statements are equivalent:

  1. F : C ⥤ D is final.
  2. Every functor G : D ⥤ E has a colimit if and only if F ⋙ G does, and these colimits are isomorphic via colimit.pre G F.
  3. colimit (F ⋙ coyoneda.obj (op d)) ≅ PUnit.

Starting at 1. we show (in coconesEquiv) that the categories of cocones over G : D ⥤ E and over F ⋙ G are equivalent. (In fact, via an equivalence which does not change the cocone point.) This readily implies 2., as comp_hasColimit, hasColimit_of_comp, and colimitIso.

From 2. we can specialize to G = coyoneda.obj (op d) to obtain 3., as colimitCompCoyonedaIso.

From 3., we prove 1. directly in final_of_colimit_comp_coyoneda_iso_pUnit.

Dually, we prove that if a functor F : C ⥤ D is initial, then any functor G : D ⥤ E has a limit if and only if F ⋙ G does, and these limits are isomorphic via limit.pre G F.

Naming #

There is some discrepancy in the literature about naming; some say 'cofinal' instead of 'final'. The explanation for this is that the 'co' prefix here is not the usual category-theoretic one indicating duality, but rather indicating the sense of "along with".

See also #

In CategoryTheory.Filtered.Final we give additional equivalent conditions in the case that C is filtered.

Future work #

Dualise condition 3 above and the implications 2 ⇒ 3 and 3 ⇒ 1 to initial functors.

References #

A functor F : C ⥤ D is final if for every d : D, the comma category of morphisms d ⟶ F.obj c is connected.

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    A functor F : C ⥤ D is initial if for every d : D, the comma category of morphisms F.obj c ⟶ d is connected.

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      theorem CategoryTheory.Functor.final_of_adjunction {C : Type u₁} [Category.{v₁, u₁} C] {D : Type u₂} [Category.{v₂, u₂} D] {L : Functor C D} {R : Functor D C} (adj : L R) :

      If a functor R : D ⥤ C is a right adjoint, it is final.

      theorem CategoryTheory.Functor.initial_of_adjunction {C : Type u₁} [Category.{v₁, u₁} C] {D : Type u₂} [Category.{v₂, u₂} D] {L : Functor C D} {R : Functor D C} (adj : L R) :

      If a functor L : C ⥤ D is a left adjoint, it is initial.

      theorem CategoryTheory.Functor.final_of_natIso {C : Type u₁} [Category.{v₁, u₁} C] {D : Type u₂} [Category.{v₂, u₂} D] {F F' : Functor C D} [F.Final] (i : F F') :
      def CategoryTheory.Functor.Final.lift {C : Type u₁} [Category.{v₁, u₁} C] {D : Type u₂} [Category.{v₂, u₂} D] (F : Functor C D) [F.Final] (d : D) :
      C

      When F : C ⥤ D is final, we denote by lift F d an arbitrary choice of object in C such that there exists a morphism d ⟶ F.obj (lift F d).

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        def CategoryTheory.Functor.Final.homToLift {C : Type u₁} [Category.{v₁, u₁} C] {D : Type u₂} [Category.{v₂, u₂} D] (F : Functor C D) [F.Final] (d : D) :
        d F.obj (lift F d)

        When F : C ⥤ D is final, we denote by homToLift an arbitrary choice of morphism d ⟶ F.obj (lift F d).

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          def CategoryTheory.Functor.Final.induction {C : Type u₁} [Category.{v₁, u₁} C] {D : Type u₂} [Category.{v₂, u₂} D] (F : Functor C D) [F.Final] {d : D} (Z : (X : C) → (d F.obj X) → Sort u_1) (h₁ : (X₁ X₂ : C) → (k₁ : d F.obj X₁) → (k₂ : d F.obj X₂) → (f : X₁ X₂) → CategoryStruct.comp k₁ (F.map f) = k₂Z X₁ k₁Z X₂ k₂) (h₂ : (X₁ X₂ : C) → (k₁ : d F.obj X₁) → (k₂ : d F.obj X₂) → (f : X₁ X₂) → CategoryStruct.comp k₁ (F.map f) = k₂Z X₂ k₂Z X₁ k₁) {X₀ : C} {k₀ : d F.obj X₀} (z : Z X₀ k₀) :
          Z (lift F d) (homToLift F d)

          We provide an induction principle for reasoning about lift and homToLift. We want to perform some construction (usually just a proof) about the particular choices lift F d and homToLift F d, it suffices to perform that construction for some other pair of choices (denoted X₀ : C and k₀ : d ⟶ F.obj X₀ below), and to show how to transport such a construction both directions along a morphism between such choices.

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            Given a cocone over F ⋙ G, we can construct a Cocone G with the same cocone point.

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              theorem CategoryTheory.Functor.Final.extendCocone_map_hom {C : Type u₁} [Category.{v₁, u₁} C] {D : Type u₂} [Category.{v₂, u₂} D] {F : Functor C D} [F.Final] {E : Type u₃} [Category.{v₃, u₃} E] {G : Functor D E} {X✝ Y✝ : Limits.Cocone (F.comp G)} (f : X✝ Y✝) :
              theorem CategoryTheory.Functor.Final.extendCocone_obj_ι_app' {C : Type u₁} [Category.{v₁, u₁} C] {D : Type u₂} [Category.{v₂, u₂} D] {F : Functor C D} [F.Final] {E : Type u₃} [Category.{v₃, u₃} E] {G : Functor D E} (c : Limits.Cocone (F.comp G)) {X : D} {Y : C} (f : X F.obj Y) :

              Alternative equational lemma for (extendCocone c).ι.app in case a lift of the object is given explicitly.

              @[simp]
              theorem CategoryTheory.Functor.Final.colimit_cocone_comp_aux {C : Type u₁} [Category.{v₁, u₁} C] {D : Type u₂} [Category.{v₂, u₂} D] {F : Functor C D} [F.Final] {E : Type u₃} [Category.{v₃, u₃} E] {G : Functor D E} (s : Limits.Cocone (F.comp G)) (j : C) :
              CategoryStruct.comp (G.map (homToLift F (F.obj j))) (s.ι.app (lift F (F.obj j))) = s.ι.app j

              If F is final, the category of cocones on F ⋙ G is equivalent to the category of cocones on G, for any G : D ⥤ E.

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                When F : C ⥤ D is final, and t : Cocone G for some G : D ⥤ E, t.whisker F is a colimit cocone exactly when t is.

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                  When F is final, and t : Cocone (F ⋙ G), extendCocone.obj t is a colimit cocone exactly when t is.

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                    Given a colimit cocone over G : D ⥤ E we can construct a colimit cocone over F ⋙ G.

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                      @[instance 100]
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                      When F : C ⥤ D is final, and G : D ⥤ E has a colimit, then F ⋙ G has a colimit also and colimit (F ⋙ G) ≅ colimit G.

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                        A pointfree version of colimitIso, stating that whiskering by F followed by taking the colimit is isomorpic to taking the colimit on the codomain of F.

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                          Given a colimit cocone over F ⋙ G we can construct a colimit cocone over G.

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                            When F is final, and F ⋙ G has a colimit, then G has a colimit also.

                            We can't make this an instance, because F is not determined by the goal. (Even if this weren't a problem, it would cause a loop with comp_hasColimit.)

                            If F is final and F ⋙ G creates colimits of H, then so does G.

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                              If H creates colimits of shape C and F : C ⥤ D is final, then H creates colimits of shape D.

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                                If colimit (F ⋙ coyoneda.obj (op d)) ≅ PUnit for all d : D, then F is final.

                                A variant of final_of_colimit_comp_coyoneda_iso_pUnit where we bind the various claims about colimit (F ⋙ coyoneda.obj (Opposite.op d)) for each d : D into a single claim about the presheaf colimit (F ⋙ yoneda).

                                If the universal morphism colimit (F ⋙ coyoneda.obj (op d)) ⟶ colimit (coyoneda.obj (op d)) is an isomorphism (as it always is when F is final), then colimit (F ⋙ coyoneda.obj (op d)) ≅ PUnit (simply because colimit (coyoneda.obj (op d)) ≅ PUnit).

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                                  When F : C ⥤ D is initial, we denote by lift F d an arbitrary choice of object in C such that there exists a morphism F.obj (lift F d) ⟶ d.

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                                    def CategoryTheory.Functor.Initial.homToLift {C : Type u₁} [Category.{v₁, u₁} C] {D : Type u₂} [Category.{v₂, u₂} D] (F : Functor C D) [F.Initial] (d : D) :
                                    F.obj (lift F d) d

                                    When F : C ⥤ D is initial, we denote by homToLift an arbitrary choice of morphism F.obj (lift F d) ⟶ d.

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                                      def CategoryTheory.Functor.Initial.induction {C : Type u₁} [Category.{v₁, u₁} C] {D : Type u₂} [Category.{v₂, u₂} D] (F : Functor C D) [F.Initial] {d : D} (Z : (X : C) → (F.obj X d) → Sort u_1) (h₁ : (X₁ X₂ : C) → (k₁ : F.obj X₁ d) → (k₂ : F.obj X₂ d) → (f : X₁ X₂) → CategoryStruct.comp (F.map f) k₂ = k₁Z X₁ k₁Z X₂ k₂) (h₂ : (X₁ X₂ : C) → (k₁ : F.obj X₁ d) → (k₂ : F.obj X₂ d) → (f : X₁ X₂) → CategoryStruct.comp (F.map f) k₂ = k₁Z X₂ k₂Z X₁ k₁) {X₀ : C} {k₀ : F.obj X₀ d} (z : Z X₀ k₀) :
                                      Z (lift F d) (homToLift F d)

                                      We provide an induction principle for reasoning about lift and homToLift. We want to perform some construction (usually just a proof) about the particular choices lift F d and homToLift F d, it suffices to perform that construction for some other pair of choices (denoted X₀ : C and k₀ : F.obj X₀ ⟶ d below), and to show how to transport such a construction both directions along a morphism between such choices.

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                                        Given a cone over F ⋙ G, we can construct a Cone G with the same cocone point.

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                                          theorem CategoryTheory.Functor.Initial.extendCone_map_hom {C : Type u₁} [Category.{v₁, u₁} C] {D : Type u₂} [Category.{v₂, u₂} D] {F : Functor C D} [F.Initial] {E : Type u₃} [Category.{v₃, u₃} E] {G : Functor D E} {X✝ Y✝ : Limits.Cone (F.comp G)} (f : X✝ Y✝) :
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                                          theorem CategoryTheory.Functor.Initial.extendCone_obj_π_app' {C : Type u₁} [Category.{v₁, u₁} C] {D : Type u₂} [Category.{v₂, u₂} D] {F : Functor C D} [F.Initial] {E : Type u₃} [Category.{v₃, u₃} E] {G : Functor D E} (c : Limits.Cone (F.comp G)) {X : C} {Y : D} (f : F.obj X Y) :

                                          Alternative equational lemma for (extendCone c).π.app in case a lift of the object is given explicitly.

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                                          theorem CategoryTheory.Functor.Initial.limit_cone_comp_aux {C : Type u₁} [Category.{v₁, u₁} C] {D : Type u₂} [Category.{v₂, u₂} D] {F : Functor C D} [F.Initial] {E : Type u₃} [Category.{v₃, u₃} E] {G : Functor D E} (s : Limits.Cone (F.comp G)) (j : C) :
                                          CategoryStruct.comp (s.π.app (lift F (F.obj j))) (G.map (homToLift F (F.obj j))) = s.π.app j

                                          If F is initial, the category of cones on F ⋙ G is equivalent to the category of cones on G, for any G : D ⥤ E.

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                                            When F : C ⥤ D is initial, and t : Cone G for some G : D ⥤ E, t.whisker F is a limit cone exactly when t is.

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                                              When F is initial, and t : Cone (F ⋙ G), extendCone.obj t is a limit cone exactly when t is.

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                                                Given a limit cone over G : D ⥤ E we can construct a limit cone over F ⋙ G.

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                                                  @[instance 100]
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                                                  When F : C ⥤ D is initial, and G : D ⥤ E has a limit, then F ⋙ G has a limit also and limit (F ⋙ G) ≅ limit G.

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                                                    A pointfree version of limitIso, stating that whiskering by F followed by taking the limit is isomorpic to taking the limit on the codomain of F.

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                                                      Given a limit cone over F ⋙ G we can construct a limit cone over G.

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                                                        When F is initial, and F ⋙ G has a limit, then G has a limit also.

                                                        We can't make this an instance, because F is not determined by the goal. (Even if this weren't a problem, it would cause a loop with comp_hasLimit.)

                                                        If F is initial and F ⋙ G creates limits of H, then so does G.

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                                                          If H creates limits of shape C and F : C ⥤ D is initial, then H creates limits of shape D.

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                                                            The hypotheses also imply that G is final, see final_of_comp_full_faithful'.

                                                            The hypotheses also imply that G is initial, see initial_of_comp_full_faithful'.

                                                            See also the strictly more general final_comp below.

                                                            See also the strictly more general initial_comp below.

                                                            See also the strictly more general final_comp below.

                                                            See also the strictly more general initial_comp below.

                                                            See also the strictly more general final_of_final_comp below.

                                                            See also the strictly more general initial_of_initial_comp below.

                                                            See also the strictly more general final_iff_comp_final_full_faithful below.

                                                            See also the strictly more general final_iff_final_comp below.

                                                            See also the strictly more general initial_iff_initial_comp below.

                                                            instance CategoryTheory.Functor.final_comp {C : Type u₁} [Category.{v₁, u₁} C] {D : Type u₂} [Category.{v₂, u₂} D] {E : Type u₃} [Category.{v₃, u₃} E] (F : Functor C D) (G : Functor D E) [hF : F.Final] [hG : G.Final] :
                                                            (F.comp G).Final
                                                            theorem CategoryTheory.Functor.final_of_final_comp {C : Type u₁} [Category.{v₁, u₁} C] {D : Type u₂} [Category.{v₂, u₂} D] {E : Type u₃} [Category.{v₃, u₃} E] (F : Functor C D) (G : Functor D E) [hF : F.Final] [hFG : (F.comp G).Final] :

                                                            The hypotheses also imply that F is final, see final_of_comp_full_faithful.

                                                            The hypotheses also imply that F is initial, see initial_of_comp_full_faithful.

                                                            Final functors preserve filteredness.

                                                            This can be seen as a generalization of IsFiltered.of_right_adjoint (which states that right adjoints preserve filteredness), as right adjoints are always final, see final_of_adjunction.

                                                            Final functors preserve filteredness.

                                                            This can be seen as a generalization of IsFiltered.of_right_adjoint (which states that right adjoints preserve filteredness), as right adjoints are always final, see final_of_adjunction.

                                                            Initial functors preserve cofilteredness.

                                                            This can be seen as a generalization of IsCofiltered.of_left_adjoint (which states that left adjoints preserve cofilteredness), as right adjoints are always initial, see initial_of_adjunction.

                                                            Initial functors preserve cofilteredness.

                                                            This can be seen as a generalization of IsCofiltered.of_left_adjoint (which states that left adjoints preserve cofilteredness), as right adjoints are always initial, see initial_of_adjunction.

                                                            instance CategoryTheory.StructuredArrow.final_pre {C : Type u₁} [Category.{v₁, u₁} C] {D : Type u₂} [Category.{v₂, u₂} D] {E : Type u₃} [Category.{v₃, u₃} E] (T : Functor C D) [T.Final] (S : Functor D E) (X : E) :
                                                            (pre X T S).Final

                                                            The functor StructuredArrow.pre X T S is final if T is final.

                                                            instance CategoryTheory.CostructuredArrow.initial_pre {C : Type u₁} [Category.{v₁, u₁} C] {D : Type u₂} [Category.{v₂, u₂} D] {E : Type u₃} [Category.{v₃, u₃} E] (T : Functor C D) [T.Initial] (S : Functor D E) (X : E) :
                                                            (pre T S X).Initial

                                                            The functor CostructuredArrow.pre X T S is initial if T is initial.

                                                            def CategoryTheory.Grothendieck.structuredArrowToStructuredArrowPre {C : Type u₁} [Category.{v₁, u₁} C] {D : Type u₂} [Category.{v₂, u₂} D] (F : Functor D Cat) (G : Functor C D) (d : D) (f : (F.obj d)) :
                                                            StructuredArrow d G ⥤q StructuredArrow { base := d, fiber := f } (pre F G)

                                                            A prefunctor mapping structured arrows on G to structured arrows on pre F G with their action on fibers being the identity.

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                                                              instance CategoryTheory.Grothendieck.final_pre {C : Type u₁} [Category.{v₁, u₁} C] {D : Type u₂} [Category.{v₂, u₂} D] (F : Functor D Cat) (G : Functor C D) [hG : G.Final] :
                                                              (pre F G).Final
                                                              instance CategoryTheory.instFinalProdProd {C : Type u₁} [Category.{v₁, u₁} C] {D : Type u₂} [Category.{v₂, u₂} D] {C' : Type u₃} [Category.{v₃, u₃} C'] {D' : Type u₄} [Category.{v₄, u₄} D'] (F : Functor C D) (G : Functor C' D') [F.Final] [G.Final] :
                                                              (F.prod G).Final