Smooth bump functions on a smooth manifold #
In this file we define SmoothBumpFunction I c
to be a bundled smooth "bump" function centered at
c
. It is a structure that consists of two real numbers 0 < rIn < rOut
with small enough rOut
.
We define a coercion to function for this type, and for f : SmoothBumpFunction I c
, the function
⇑f
written in the extended chart at c
has the following properties:
f x = 1
in the closed ball of radiusf.rIn
centered atc
;f x = 0
outside of the ball of radiusf.rOut
centered atc
;0 ≤ f x ≤ 1
for allx
.
The actual statements involve (pre)images under extChartAt I f
and are given as lemmas in the
SmoothBumpFunction
namespace.
Tags #
manifold, smooth bump function
Smooth bump function #
In this section we define a structure for a bundled smooth bump function and prove its properties.
Given a smooth manifold modelled on a finite dimensional space E
,
f : SmoothBumpFunction I M
is a smooth function on M
such that in the extended chart e
at
f.c
:
f x = 1
in the closed ball of radiusf.rIn
centered atf.c
;f x = 0
outside of the ball of radiusf.rOut
centered atf.c
;0 ≤ f x ≤ 1
for allx
.
The structure contains data required to construct a function with these properties. The function is
available as ⇑f
or f x
. Formal statements of the properties listed above involve some
(pre)images under extChartAt I f.c
and are given as lemmas in the SmoothBumpFunction
namespace.
- rIn_lt_rOut : self.rIn < self.rOut
- closedBall_subset : Metric.closedBall (↑(extChartAt I c) c) self.rOut ∩ Set.range ↑I ⊆ (extChartAt I c).target
Instances For
The function defined by f : SmoothBumpFunction c
. Use automatic coercion to function
instead.
Equations
- ↑f = (chartAt H c).source.indicator (↑f.toContDiffBump ∘ ↑(extChartAt I c))
Instances For
Equations
- SmoothBumpFunction.instCoeFunForallReal = { coe := SmoothBumpFunction.toFun }
Given a smooth bump function f : SmoothBumpFunction I c
, the closed ball of radius f.R
is
known to include the support of f
. These closed balls (in the model normed space E
) intersected
with Set.range I
form a basis of 𝓝[range I] (extChartAt I c c)
.
If f
is a smooth bump function and s
closed subset of the support of f
(i.e., of the open
ball of radius f.rOut
), then there exists 0 < r < f.rOut
such that s
is a subset of the open
ball of radius r
. Formally, s ⊆ e.source ∩ e ⁻¹' (ball (e c) r)
, where e = extChartAt I c
.
Replace rIn
with another value in the interval (0, f.rOut)
.
Equations
- f.updateRIn r hr = { rIn := r, rOut := f.rOut, rIn_pos := ⋯, rIn_lt_rOut := ⋯, closedBall_subset := ⋯ }
Instances For
Equations
- ⋯ = ⋯
The closures of supports of smooth bump functions centered at c
form a basis of 𝓝 c
.
In other words, each of these closures is a neighborhood of c
and each neighborhood of c
includes tsupport f
for some f : SmoothBumpFunction I c
.
Given s ∈ 𝓝 c
, the supports of smooth bump functions f : SmoothBumpFunction I c
such that
tsupport f ⊆ s
form a basis of 𝓝 c
. In other words, each of these supports is a
neighborhood of c
and each neighborhood of c
includes support f
for some
f : SmoothBumpFunction I c
such that tsupport f ⊆ s
.
A smooth bump function is infinitely smooth.
If f : SmoothBumpFunction I c
is a smooth bump function and g : M → G
is a function smooth
on the source of the chart at c
, then f • g
is smooth on the whole manifold.