Fundamental domain of a group action #
A set s
is said to be a fundamental domain of an action of a group G
on a measurable space α
with respect to a measure μ
if
s
is a measurable set;the sets
g • s
over allg : G
cover almost all points of the whole space;the sets
g • s
, are pairwise a.e. disjoint, i.e.,μ (g₁ • s ∩ g₂ • s) = 0
wheneverg₁ ≠ g₂
; we require this forg₂ = 1
in the definition, then deduce it for any twog₁ ≠ g₂
.
In this file we prove that in case of a countable group G
and a measure preserving action, any two
fundamental domains have the same measure, and for a G
-invariant function, its integrals over any
two fundamental domains are equal to each other.
We also generate additive versions of all theorems in this file using the to_additive
attribute.
We define the
HasFundamentalDomain
typeclass, in particular to be able to define thecovolume
of a quotient ofα
by a groupG
, which under reasonable conditions does not depend on the choice of fundamental domain.We define the
QuotientMeasureEqMeasurePreimage
typeclass to describe a situation in which a measureμ
onα ⧸ G
can be computed by taking a measureν
onα
of the intersection of the pullback with a fundamental domain.
Main declarations #
MeasureTheory.IsFundamentalDomain
: Predicate for a set to be a fundamental domain of the action of a groupMeasureTheory.fundamentalFrontier
: Fundamental frontier of a set under the action of a group. Elements ofs
that belong to some other translate ofs
.MeasureTheory.fundamentalInterior
: Fundamental interior of a set under the action of a group. Elements ofs
that do not belong to any other translate ofs
.
A measurable set s
is a fundamental domain for an additive action of an additive group G
on a measurable space α
with respect to a measure α
if the sets g +ᵥ s
, g : G
, are pairwise
a.e. disjoint and cover the whole space.
- nullMeasurableSet : MeasureTheory.NullMeasurableSet s μ
- aedisjoint : Pairwise (MeasureTheory.AEDisjoint μ on fun (g : G) => g +ᵥ s)
Instances For
A measurable set s
is a fundamental domain for an action of a group G
on a measurable
space α
with respect to a measure α
if the sets g • s
, g : G
, are pairwise a.e. disjoint and
cover the whole space.
- nullMeasurableSet : MeasureTheory.NullMeasurableSet s μ
- aedisjoint : Pairwise (MeasureTheory.AEDisjoint μ on fun (g : G) => g • s)
Instances For
If for each x : α
, exactly one of g • x
, g : G
, belongs to a measurable set s
, then s
is a fundamental domain for the action of G
on α
.
If for each x : α
, exactly one of g +ᵥ x
, g : G
, belongs to a measurable set
s
, then s
is a fundamental domain for the additive action of G
on α
.
For s
to be a fundamental domain, it's enough to check
MeasureTheory.AEDisjoint (g • s) s
for g ≠ 1
.
For s
to be a fundamental domain, it's enough to check
MeasureTheory.AEDisjoint (g +ᵥ s) s
for g ≠ 0
.
If a measurable space has a finite measure μ
and a countable group G
acts
quasi-measure-preservingly, then to show that a set s
is a fundamental domain, it is sufficient
to check that its translates g • s
are (almost) disjoint and that the sum ∑' g, μ (g • s)
is
sufficiently large.
If a measurable space has a finite measure μ
and a countable additive group G
acts
quasi-measure-preservingly, then to show that a set s
is a fundamental domain, it is sufficient
to check that its translates g +ᵥ s
are (almost) disjoint and that the sum ∑' g, μ (g +ᵥ s)
is
sufficiently large.
Alias of MeasureTheory.IsFundamentalDomain.setLIntegral_eq_tsum
.
Alias of MeasureTheory.IsFundamentalDomain.setLIntegral_eq_tsum'
.
Given a measure space with an action of a finite group G
, the measure of any G
-invariant set
is determined by the measure of its intersection with a fundamental domain for the action of G
.
Given a measure space with an action of a
finite additive group G
, the measure of any G
-invariant set is determined by the measure of
its intersection with a fundamental domain for the action of G
.
If s
and t
are two fundamental domains of the same action, then their measures are equal.
If s
and t
are two fundamental domains of the same action, then their measures
are equal.
Alias of MeasureTheory.IsFundamentalDomain.setIntegral_eq_tsum
.
Alias of MeasureTheory.IsFundamentalDomain.setIntegral_eq_tsum'
.
If the action of a countable group G
admits an invariant measure μ
with a fundamental domain
s
, then every null-measurable set t
such that the sets g • t ∩ s
are pairwise a.e.-disjoint
has measure at most μ s
.
If the additive action of a countable group G
admits an invariant measure μ
with
a fundamental domain s
, then every null-measurable set t
such that the sets g +ᵥ t ∩ s
are
pairwise a.e.-disjoint has measure at most μ s
.
If the action of a countable group G
admits an invariant measure μ
with a fundamental domain
s
, then every null-measurable set t
of measure strictly greater than μ s
contains two
points x y
such that g • x = y
for some g ≠ 1
.
If the additive action of a countable group G
admits an invariant measure μ
with
a fundamental domain s
, then every null-measurable set t
of measure strictly greater than
μ s
contains two points x y
such that g +ᵥ x = y
for some g ≠ 0
.
If f
is invariant under the action of a countable group G
, and μ
is a G
-invariant
measure with a fundamental domain s
, then the essSup
of f
restricted to s
is the same as
that of f
on all of its domain.
If f
is invariant under the action of a countable additive group G
, and μ
is a
G
-invariant measure with a fundamental domain s
, then the essSup
of f
restricted to s
is the same as that of f
on all of its domain.
Interior/frontier of a fundamental domain #
The boundary of a fundamental domain, those points of the domain that also lie in a nontrivial translate.
Equations
- MeasureTheory.fundamentalFrontier G s = s ∩ ⋃ (g : G), ⋃ (_ : g ≠ 1), g • s
Instances For
The boundary of a fundamental domain, those points of the domain that also lie in a nontrivial translate.
Equations
- MeasureTheory.addFundamentalFrontier G s = s ∩ ⋃ (g : G), ⋃ (_ : g ≠ 0), g +ᵥ s
Instances For
The interior of a fundamental domain, those points of the domain not lying in any translate.
Equations
- MeasureTheory.fundamentalInterior G s = s \ ⋃ (g : G), ⋃ (_ : g ≠ 1), g • s
Instances For
The interior of a fundamental domain, those points of the domain not lying in any translate.
Equations
- MeasureTheory.addFundamentalInterior G s = s \ ⋃ (g : G), ⋃ (_ : g ≠ 0), g +ᵥ s
Instances For
HasFundamentalDomain
typeclass #
We define HasFundamentalDomain
in order to be able to define the covolume
of a quotient of α
by a group G
, which under reasonable conditions does not depend on the choice of fundamental
domain. Even though any "sensible" action should have a fundamental domain, this is a rather
delicate question which was recently addressed by Misha Kapovich: https://arxiv.org/abs/2301.05325
TODO: Formalize the existence of a Dirichlet domain as in Kapovich's paper.
We say a quotient of α
by G
HasAddFundamentalDomain
if there is a measurable set
s
for which IsAddFundamentalDomain G s
holds.
- ExistsIsAddFundamentalDomain : ∃ (s : Set α), MeasureTheory.IsAddFundamentalDomain G s ν
Instances
We say a quotient of α
by G
HasFundamentalDomain
if there is a measurable set s
for
which IsFundamentalDomain G s
holds.
- ExistsIsFundamentalDomain : ∃ (s : Set α), MeasureTheory.IsFundamentalDomain G s ν
Instances
The covolume
of an action of G
on α
the volume of some fundamental domain, or 0
if
none exists.
Equations
- MeasureTheory.covolume G α ν = if funDom : MeasureTheory.HasFundamentalDomain G α ν then ν ⋯.choose else 0
Instances For
The addCovolume
of an action of G
on α
is the volume of some
fundamental domain, or 0
if none exists.
Equations
- MeasureTheory.addCovolume G α ν = if funDom : MeasureTheory.HasAddFundamentalDomain G α ν then ν ⋯.choose else 0
Instances For
If there is a fundamental domain s
, then HasFundamentalDomain
holds.
The covolume
can be computed by taking the volume
of any given fundamental domain s
.
QuotientMeasureEqMeasurePreimage
typeclass #
This typeclass describes a situation in which a measure μ
on α ⧸ G
can be computed by
taking a measure ν
on α
of the intersection of the pullback with a fundamental domain.
It's curious that in measure theory, measures can be pushed forward, while in geometry, volumes can be pulled back. And yet here, we are describing a situation involving measures in a geometric way.
Another viewpoint is that if a set is small enough to fit in a single fundamental domain, then its
ν
measure in α
is the same as the μ
measure of its pushforward in α ⧸ G
.
A measure μ
on the AddQuotient
of α
mod G
satisfies
AddQuotientMeasureEqMeasurePreimage
if: for any fundamental domain t
, and any measurable
subset U
of the quotient, μ U = volume ((π ⁻¹' U) ∩ t)
.
- addProjection_respects_measure' (t : Set α) : MeasureTheory.IsAddFundamentalDomain G t ν → μ = MeasureTheory.Measure.map (Quotient.mk (AddAction.orbitRel G α)) (MeasureTheory.Measure.restrict ν t)
Instances
Measures ν
on α
and μ
on the Quotient
of α
mod G
satisfy
QuotientMeasureEqMeasurePreimage
if: for any fundamental domain t
, and any measurable subset
U
of the quotient, μ U = ν ((π ⁻¹' U) ∩ t)
.
- projection_respects_measure' (t : Set α) : MeasureTheory.IsFundamentalDomain G t ν → μ = MeasureTheory.Measure.map (Quotient.mk (MulAction.orbitRel G α)) (MeasureTheory.Measure.restrict ν t)
Instances
Any two measures satisfying QuotientMeasureEqMeasurePreimage
are equal.
The quotient map to α ⧸ G
is measure-preserving between the restriction of volume
to a
fundamental domain in α
and a related measure satisfying QuotientMeasureEqMeasurePreimage
.
Given a measure upstairs (i.e., on α
), and a choice s
of fundamental domain, there's always
an artificial way to generate a measure downstairs such that the pair satisfies the
QuotientMeasureEqMeasurePreimage
typeclass.
One can prove QuotientMeasureEqMeasurePreimage
by checking behavior with respect to a single
fundamental domain.
If a fundamental domain has volume 0, then QuotientMeasureEqMeasurePreimage
holds.
If a measure μ
on a quotient satisfies QuotientMeasureEqMeasurePreimage
with respect to a
sigma-finite measure ν
, then it is itself SigmaFinite
.
A measure μ
on α ⧸ G
satisfying QuotientMeasureEqMeasurePreimage
and having finite
covolume is a finite measure.
A finite measure μ
on α ⧸ G
satisfying QuotientMeasureEqMeasurePreimage
has finite
covolume.
If a measure μ
on a quotient satisfies QuotientVolumeEqVolumePreimage
with respect to a
sigma-finite measure, then it is itself SigmaFinite
.