Decomposition and inertia rings #
We develop Hilbert's theory of the splitting of a prime ideal in a Galois extension, working throughout at the level of rings.
Let A ⊆ B be commutative rings with B Galois over A with group G, let p be a prime of A
and P a prime of B lying over p. The decomposition ring R and the inertia ring R' of
P are the intermediate rings fixed by the decomposition and inertia subgroups of P; since the
inertia group is contained in the decomposition group, they fit into a tower A ⊆ R ⊆ R' ⊆ B.
Ring predicates #
For an intermediate ring R of B, we introduce two characteristic predicates:
Ideal.IsDecompositionRing G P R:Bis Galois overRwith Galois group the decomposition group ofP, that is the stabilizer ofPinG;Ideal.IsInertiaRing G P R:Bis Galois overRwith Galois group the inertia group ofP, that is the subgroup ofGacting trivially moduloP.
Relation to the classical field setting #
In the classical setting L/K is a Galois extension of fields with G = Gal(L/K), and A, B are
subrings of K, L with K the fraction field of A, L that of B, and B the integral
closure of A in L. The decomposition (resp. inertia) field is the subfield of L fixed by the
decomposition (resp. inertia) group of P, and the associated ring is the integral closure of A
in this field. Decomposition and inertia rings arising this way are provided by
Ideal.IsDecompositionRing.of_isFractionRing and Ideal.IsInertiaRing.of_isFractionRing.
The field-level predicates IsDecompositionField and IsInertiaField defined below will be
deprecated in favor of the ring-level predicates Ideal.IsDecompositionRing and
Ideal.IsInertiaRing.
P.IsDecompositionRing G R states that the intermediate ring R of B is a decomposition
ring of the prime P: the ring B is Galois over R with Galois group the decomposition group
of P, that is the stabilizer of P under the action of G.
This is the ring-level characteristic predicate; the classical decomposition field is recovered by passing to fraction fields.
- faithful : FaithfulSMul (↥(MulAction.stabilizer G P)) B
- commutes : SMulCommClass (↥(MulAction.stabilizer G P)) R B
- isInvariant : Algebra.IsInvariant R B ↥(MulAction.stabilizer G P)
Instances
P.IsInertiaRing G R states that the intermediate ring R of B is an inertia ring of the
prime P: the ring B is Galois over R with Galois group the inertia group of P, that is the
elements of G acting trivially modulo P (a subgroup of the decomposition group).
This is the ring-level characteristic predicate; the classical inertia field is recovered by passing to fraction fields.
- faithful : FaithfulSMul (↥(Ideal.inertia G P)) B
- commutes : SMulCommClass (↥(Ideal.inertia G P)) R B
- isInvariant : Algebra.IsInvariant R B ↥(Ideal.inertia G P)
Instances
If L is Galois over the field D with the decomposition group of P as a Galois group (so
D is the decomposition field of P), and R is an integrally closed subring of D with fraction
field D such that B is integral over R, then R is a decomposition ring of P.
If L is Galois over the field E with the inertia group of P as a Galois group (so E is
the inertia field of P), and R is an integrally closed subring of E with fraction field E
such that B is integral over R, then R is an inertia ring of P.
Let L/K be a Galois extension of fields and let P be a prime ideal of B. The predicate that
says that D is the decomposition field of P in L/K, that is the subfield fixed by the
decomposition subgroup of P, that is the stabilizer of P in Gal(L/K).
- faithful : FaithfulSMul (↥(MulAction.stabilizer Gal(L/K) P)) L
- commutes : SMulCommClass (↥(MulAction.stabilizer Gal(L/K) P)) D L
- isInvariant : Algebra.IsInvariant D L ↥(MulAction.stabilizer Gal(L/K) P)
Instances
Let L/K be a Galois extension of fields and let P be a prime ideal of B. The predicate that
says that E is the inertia field of P in L/K, that is the subfield fixed by the inertia
subgroup of P in Gal(L/K).
- faithful : FaithfulSMul (↥(Ideal.inertia Gal(L/K) P)) L
- commutes : SMulCommClass (↥(Ideal.inertia Gal(L/K) P)) E L
- isInvariant : Algebra.IsInvariant E L ↥(Ideal.inertia Gal(L/K) P)
Instances
If G is a Galois group for L/K and the stabilizer of P in G is a Galois group for
L/D, then D is a decomposition field for P.
If G is a Galois group for L/K and the inertia group of P in G is a Galois group for
L/E, then E is an inertia field for P.
Two decomposition fields are isomorphic.
Equations
- IsDecompositionField.ringEquiv K L P D D' = IsGaloisGroup.ringEquiv (↥(MulAction.stabilizer Gal(L/K) P)) D D' L
Instances For
Two inertia fields are isomorphic.
Equations
- IsInertiaField.ringEquiv K L P E E' = IsGaloisGroup.ringEquiv (↥(Ideal.inertia Gal(L/K) P)) E E' L
Instances For
The degree [L : D] of L over the decomposition field D equals the product of the
ramification index and the inertia degree of p in B.
The degree [D : K] of the decomposition field D over K equals the number of prime ideals
of B lying over p.
The degree [L : E] of L over the inertia field E equals the ramification index of p in B.
The degree [E : K] of the inertia field E over K equals the product of the number of
prime ideals of B lying over p and the inertia degree of p in B.
The degree [E : D] of the inertia field E over the decomposition field D equals the
inertia degree of p in B.
Let D be the decomposition field of P in L/K. Let 𝓟D be a prime ideal of D below P,
then P is the only prime of L above 𝓟D.
Let D be the decomposition field of P in L/K. Let 𝓟D be a prime ideal of D below P,
then the ramification index of 𝓟D in L is equal to the ramification index of p in L.
Let D be the decomposition field of P in L/K. Let 𝓟D be a prime ideal of D below P,
then the inertia degree of 𝓟D in L is equal to the inertia degree of p in L.
Let D be the decomposition field of P in L/K. Let 𝓟D be a prime ideal of D below P,
then 𝓟D is unramified over K.
Let D be the decomposition field of P in L/K. Let 𝓟D be a prime ideal of D below P,
then the inertia degree of 𝓟D over K is equal to 1.