Properties of group actions involving quotient groups

This file proves properties of group actions which use the quotient group construction, notably

• the orbit-stabilizer theorem card_orbit_mul_card_stabilizer_eq_card_group
• the class formula card_eq_sum_card_group_div_card_stabilizer'
• Burnside's lemma sum_card_fixedBy_eq_card_orbits_mul_card_group

class MulAction.QuotientAction {α : Type u} (β : Type v) [Group α] [Monoid β] [MulAction β α] (H : Subgroup α) : Prop

• inv_mul_mem : ∀ (b : β) {a a' : α}, a⁻¹ * a' ∈ H → (b • a)⁻¹ * b • a' ∈ H

  The action fulfils a normality condition on products that lie in H. This ensures that the action descends to an action on the quotient α ⧸ H.

A typeclass for when a MulAction β α descends to the quotient α ⧸ H.

class AddAction.QuotientAction {α : Type u_1} (β : Type u_2) [AddGroup α] [AddMonoid β] [AddAction β α] (H : AddSubgroup α) : Prop

• inv_mul_mem : ∀ (b : β) {a a' : α}, -a + a' ∈ H → -(b +ᵥ a) + (b +ᵥ a') ∈ H

  The action fulfils a normality condition on summands that lie in H. This ensures that the action descends to an action on the quotient α ⧸ H.

A typeclass for when an AddAction β α descends to the quotient α ⧸ H.

instance AddAction.left_quotientAction {α : Type u} [AddGroup α] (H : AddSubgroup α) : AddAction.QuotientAction α H

theorem AddAction.left_quotientAction.proof_1 {α : Type u_1} [AddGroup α] (H : AddSubgroup α) : AddAction.QuotientAction α H

instance MulAction.left_quotientAction {α : Type u} [Group α] (H : Subgroup α) : MulAction.QuotientAction α H

theorem AddAction.right_quotientAction.proof_1 {α : Type u_1} [AddGroup α] (H : AddSubgroup α) : AddAction.QuotientAction { x // x ∈ ↑AddSubgroup.opposite (AddSubgroup.normalizer H) } H

instance AddAction.right_quotientAction {α : Type u} [AddGroup α] (H : AddSubgroup α) : AddAction.QuotientAction { x // x ∈ ↑AddSubgroup.opposite (AddSubgroup.normalizer H) } H

instance MulAction.right_quotientAction {α : Type u} [Group α] (H : Subgroup α) : MulAction.QuotientAction { x // x ∈ ↑Subgroup.opposite (Subgroup.normalizer H) } H

instance AddAction.right_quotientAction' {α : Type u} [AddGroup α] (H : AddSubgroup α) [hH : AddSubgroup.Normal H] : AddAction.QuotientAction αᵃᵒᵖ H

theorem AddAction.right_quotientAction'.proof_1 {α : Type u_1} [AddGroup α] (H : AddSubgroup α) [hH : AddSubgroup.Normal H] : AddAction.QuotientAction αᵃᵒᵖ H

instance MulAction.right_quotientAction' {α : Type u} [Group α] (H : Subgroup α) [hH : Subgroup.Normal H] : MulAction.QuotientAction αᵐᵒᵖ H

instance AddAction.quotient {α : Type u} (β : Type v) [AddGroup α] [AddMonoid β] [AddAction β α] (H : AddSubgroup α) [AddAction.QuotientAction β H] : AddAction β (α ⧸ H)

theorem AddAction.quotient.proof_2 {α : Type u_1} (β : Type u_2) [AddGroup α] [AddMonoid β] [AddAction β α] (H : AddSubgroup α) [AddAction.QuotientAction β H] (q : α ⧸ H) : 0 +ᵥ q = q

theorem AddAction.quotient.proof_1 {α : Type u_1} (β : Type u_2) [AddGroup α] [AddMonoid β] [AddAction β α] (H : AddSubgroup α) [AddAction.QuotientAction β H] (b : β) : ∀ (x x_1 : α), Setoid.r x x_1 → Setoid.r ((fun x x_2 => x +ᵥ x_2) b x) ((fun x x_2 => x +ᵥ x_2) b x_1)

theorem AddAction.quotient.proof_3 {α : Type u_1} (β : Type u_2) [AddGroup α] [AddMonoid β] [AddAction β α] (H : AddSubgroup α) [AddAction.QuotientAction β H] (b : β) (b' : β) (q : α ⧸ H) : b + b' +ᵥ q = b +ᵥ (b' +ᵥ q)

instance MulAction.quotient {α : Type u} (β : Type v) [Group α] [Monoid β] [MulAction β α] (H : Subgroup α) [MulAction.QuotientAction β H] : MulAction β (α ⧸ H)

@[simp]

theorem AddAction.Quotient.vadd_mk {α : Type u} {β : Type v} [AddGroup α] [AddMonoid β] [AddAction β α] (H : AddSubgroup α) [AddAction.QuotientAction β H] (b : β) (a : α) : b +ᵥ ↑a = ↑(b +ᵥ a)

@[simp]

theorem MulAction.Quotient.smul_mk {α : Type u} {β : Type v} [Group α] [Monoid β] [MulAction β α] (H : Subgroup α) [MulAction.QuotientAction β H] (b : β) (a : α) : b • ↑a = ↑(b • a)

@[simp]

theorem AddAction.Quotient.vadd_coe {α : Type u} {β : Type v} [AddGroup α] [AddMonoid β] [AddAction β α] (H : AddSubgroup α) [AddAction.QuotientAction β H] (b : β) (a : α) : b +ᵥ ↑a = ↑(b +ᵥ a)

@[simp]

theorem MulAction.Quotient.smul_coe {α : Type u} {β : Type v} [Group α] [Monoid β] [MulAction β α] (H : Subgroup α) [MulAction.QuotientAction β H] (b : β) (a : α) : b • ↑a = ↑(b • a)

@[simp]

theorem AddAction.Quotient.mk_vadd_out' {α : Type u} {β : Type v} [AddGroup α] [AddMonoid β] [AddAction β α] (H : AddSubgroup α) [AddAction.QuotientAction β H] (b : β) (q : α ⧸ H) : ↑(b +ᵥ Quotient.out' q) = b +ᵥ q

@[simp]

theorem MulAction.Quotient.mk_smul_out' {α : Type u} {β : Type v} [Group α] [Monoid β] [MulAction β α] (H : Subgroup α) [MulAction.QuotientAction β H] (b : β) (q : α ⧸ H) : ↑(b • Quotient.out' q) = b • q

theorem AddAction.Quotient.coe_vadd_out' {α : Type u} {β : Type v} [AddGroup α] [AddMonoid β] [AddAction β α] (H : AddSubgroup α) [AddAction.QuotientAction β H] (b : β) (q : α ⧸ H) : ↑(b +ᵥ Quotient.out' q) = b +ᵥ q

theorem MulAction.Quotient.coe_smul_out' {α : Type u} {β : Type v} [Group α] [Monoid β] [MulAction β α] (H : Subgroup α) [MulAction.QuotientAction β H] (b : β) (q : α ⧸ H) : ↑(b • Quotient.out' q) = b • q

theorem QuotientGroup.out'_conj_pow_minimalPeriod_mem {α : Type u} [Group α] (H : Subgroup α) (a : α) (q : α ⧸ H) : (Quotient.out' q)⁻¹ * a ^ Function.minimalPeriod ((fun x x_1 => x • x_1) a) q * Quotient.out' q ∈ H

def MulActionHom.toQuotient {α : Type u} [Group α] (H : Subgroup α) : α →[α] α ⧸ H

The canonical map to the left cosets.

@[simp]

theorem MulActionHom.toQuotient_apply {α : Type u} [Group α] (H : Subgroup α) (g : α) : ↑(MulActionHom.toQuotient H) g = ↑g

instance AddAction.addLeftCosetsCompSubtypeVal {α : Type u} [AddGroup α] (H : AddSubgroup α) (I : AddSubgroup α) : AddAction { x // x ∈ I } (α ⧸ H)

instance MulAction.mulLeftCosetsCompSubtypeVal {α : Type u} [Group α] (H : Subgroup α) (I : Subgroup α) : MulAction { x // x ∈ I } (α ⧸ H)

theorem AddAction.ofQuotientStabilizer.proof_1 (α : Type u_1) {β : Type u_2} [AddGroup α] [AddAction α β] (x : β) (g1 : α) (g2 : α) (H : Setoid.r g1 g2) : g1 +ᵥ x = g2 +ᵥ x

def AddAction.ofQuotientStabilizer (α : Type u) {β : Type v} [AddGroup α] [AddAction α β] (x : β) (g : α ⧸ AddAction.stabilizer α x) : β

The canonical map from the quotient of the stabilizer to the set.

def MulAction.ofQuotientStabilizer (α : Type u) {β : Type v} [Group α] [MulAction α β] (x : β) (g : α ⧸ MulAction.stabilizer α x) : β

The canonical map from the quotient of the stabilizer to the set.

@[simp]

theorem AddAction.ofQuotientStabilizer_mk (α : Type u) {β : Type v} [AddGroup α] [AddAction α β] (x : β) (g : α) : AddAction.ofQuotientStabilizer α x ↑g = g +ᵥ x

@[simp]

theorem MulAction.ofQuotientStabilizer_mk (α : Type u) {β : Type v} [Group α] [MulAction α β] (x : β) (g : α) : MulAction.ofQuotientStabilizer α x ↑g = g • x

theorem AddAction.ofQuotientStabilizer_mem_orbit (α : Type u) {β : Type v} [AddGroup α] [AddAction α β] (x : β) (g : α ⧸ AddAction.stabilizer α x) : AddAction.ofQuotientStabilizer α x g ∈ AddAction.orbit α x

theorem MulAction.ofQuotientStabilizer_mem_orbit (α : Type u) {β : Type v} [Group α] [MulAction α β] (x : β) (g : α ⧸ MulAction.stabilizer α x) : MulAction.ofQuotientStabilizer α x g ∈ MulAction.orbit α x

theorem AddAction.ofQuotientStabilizer_vadd (α : Type u) {β : Type v} [AddGroup α] [AddAction α β] (x : β) (g : α) (g' : α ⧸ AddAction.stabilizer α x) : AddAction.ofQuotientStabilizer α x (g +ᵥ g') = g +ᵥ AddAction.ofQuotientStabilizer α x g'

theorem MulAction.ofQuotientStabilizer_smul (α : Type u) {β : Type v} [Group α] [MulAction α β] (x : β) (g : α) (g' : α ⧸ MulAction.stabilizer α x) : MulAction.ofQuotientStabilizer α x (g • g') = g • MulAction.ofQuotientStabilizer α x g'

theorem AddAction.injective_ofQuotientStabilizer (α : Type u) {β : Type v} [AddGroup α] [AddAction α β] (x : β) : Function.Injective (AddAction.ofQuotientStabilizer α x)

theorem MulAction.injective_ofQuotientStabilizer (α : Type u) {β : Type v} [Group α] [MulAction α β] (x : β) : Function.Injective (MulAction.ofQuotientStabilizer α x)

abbrev AddAction.orbitEquivQuotientStabilizer.match_1 (α : Type u_2) {β : Type u_1} [AddGroup α] [AddAction α β] (b : β) (motive : ↑(AddAction.orbit α b) → Prop) : (x : ↑(AddAction.orbit α b)) → ((b : β) → (g : α) → (hgb : (fun m => m +ᵥ b) g = b) → motive { val := b, property := (_ : ∃ y, (fun m => m +ᵥ b) y = b) }) → motive x

theorem AddAction.orbitEquivQuotientStabilizer.proof_1 (α : Type u_1) {β : Type u_2} [AddGroup α] [AddAction α β] (b : β) : (Function.Injective fun g => { val := AddAction.ofQuotientStabilizer α b g, property := (_ : AddAction.ofQuotientStabilizer α b g ∈ AddAction.orbit α b) }) ∧ Function.Surjective fun g => { val := AddAction.ofQuotientStabilizer α b g, property := (_ : AddAction.ofQuotientStabilizer α b g ∈ AddAction.orbit α b) }

noncomputable def AddAction.orbitEquivQuotientStabilizer (α : Type u) {β : Type v} [AddGroup α] [AddAction α β] (b : β) : ↑(AddAction.orbit α b) ≃ α ⧸ AddAction.stabilizer α b

Orbit-stabilizer theorem.

noncomputable def MulAction.orbitEquivQuotientStabilizer (α : Type u) {β : Type v} [Group α] [MulAction α β] (b : β) : ↑(MulAction.orbit α b) ≃ α ⧸ MulAction.stabilizer α b

Orbit-stabilizer theorem.

noncomputable def AddAction.orbitSumStabilizerEquivAddGroup (α : Type u) {β : Type v} [AddGroup α] [AddAction α β] (b : β) : ↑(AddAction.orbit α b) × { x // x ∈ AddAction.stabilizer α b } ≃ α

Orbit-stabilizer theorem.

noncomputable def MulAction.orbitProdStabilizerEquivGroup (α : Type u) {β : Type v} [Group α] [MulAction α β] (b : β) : ↑(MulAction.orbit α b) × { x // x ∈ MulAction.stabilizer α b } ≃ α

Orbit-stabilizer theorem.

theorem AddAction.card_orbit_add_card_stabilizer_eq_card_addGroup (α : Type u) {β : Type v} [AddGroup α] [AddAction α β] (b : β) [Fintype α] [Fintype ↑(AddAction.orbit α b)] [Fintype { x // x ∈ AddAction.stabilizer α b }] : Fintype.card ↑(AddAction.orbit α b) * Fintype.card { x // x ∈ AddAction.stabilizer α b } = Fintype.card α

Orbit-stabilizer theorem.

theorem MulAction.card_orbit_mul_card_stabilizer_eq_card_group (α : Type u) {β : Type v} [Group α] [MulAction α β] (b : β) [Fintype α] [Fintype ↑(MulAction.orbit α b)] [Fintype { x // x ∈ MulAction.stabilizer α b }] : Fintype.card ↑(MulAction.orbit α b) * Fintype.card { x // x ∈ MulAction.stabilizer α b } = Fintype.card α

Orbit-stabilizer theorem.

@[simp]

theorem AddAction.orbitEquivQuotientStabilizer_symm_apply (α : Type u) {β : Type v} [AddGroup α] [AddAction α β] (b : β) (a : α) : ↑(↑(AddAction.orbitEquivQuotientStabilizer α b).symm ↑a) = a +ᵥ b

@[simp]

theorem MulAction.orbitEquivQuotientStabilizer_symm_apply (α : Type u) {β : Type v} [Group α] [MulAction α β] (b : β) (a : α) : ↑(↑(MulAction.orbitEquivQuotientStabilizer α b).symm ↑a) = a • b

@[simp]

theorem AddAction.stabilizer_quotient {G : Type u_1} [AddGroup G] (H : AddSubgroup G) : AddAction.stabilizer G ↑0 = H

@[simp]

theorem MulAction.stabilizer_quotient {G : Type u_1} [Group G] (H : Subgroup G) : MulAction.stabilizer G ↑1 = H

noncomputable def AddAction.selfEquivSigmaOrbitsQuotientStabilizer' (α : Type u) (β : Type v) [AddGroup α] [AddAction α β] {φ : Quotient (AddAction.orbitRel α β) → β} (hφ : Function.LeftInverse Quotient.mk'' φ) : β ≃ (ω : Quotient (AddAction.orbitRel α β)) × α ⧸ AddAction.stabilizer α (φ ω)

Class formula : given G an additive group acting on X and φ a function mapping each orbit of X under this action (that is, each element of the quotient of X by the relation orbit_rel G X) to an element in this orbit, this gives a (noncomputable) bijection between X and the disjoint union of G/Stab(φ(ω)) over all orbits ω. In most cases you'll want φ to be Quotient.out', so we provide AddAction.selfEquivSigmaOrbitsQuotientStabilizer' as a special case.

noncomputable def MulAction.selfEquivSigmaOrbitsQuotientStabilizer' (α : Type u) (β : Type v) [Group α] [MulAction α β] {φ : Quotient (MulAction.orbitRel α β) → β} (hφ : Function.LeftInverse Quotient.mk'' φ) : β ≃ (ω : Quotient (MulAction.orbitRel α β)) × α ⧸ MulAction.stabilizer α (φ ω)

Class formula : given G a group acting on X and φ a function mapping each orbit of X under this action (that is, each element of the quotient of X by the relation orbitRel G X) to an element in this orbit, this gives a (noncomputable) bijection between X and the disjoint union of G/Stab(φ(ω)) over all orbits ω. In most cases you'll want φ to be Quotient.out', so we provide MulAction.selfEquivSigmaOrbitsQuotientStabilizer' as a special case.

theorem AddAction.card_eq_sum_card_addGroup_sub_card_stabilizer' (α : Type u) (β : Type v) [AddGroup α] [AddAction α β] [Fintype α] [Fintype β] [Fintype (Quotient (AddAction.orbitRel α β))] [(b : β) → Fintype { x // x ∈ AddAction.stabilizer α b }] {φ : Quotient (AddAction.orbitRel α β) → β} (hφ : Function.LeftInverse Quotient.mk'' φ) : Fintype.card β = Finset.sum Finset.univ fun ω => Fintype.card α / Fintype.card { x // x ∈ AddAction.stabilizer α (φ ω) }

Class formula for a finite group acting on a finite type. See AddAction.card_eq_sum_card_addGroup_div_card_stabilizer for a specialized version using Quotient.out'.

theorem MulAction.card_eq_sum_card_group_div_card_stabilizer' (α : Type u) (β : Type v) [Group α] [MulAction α β] [Fintype α] [Fintype β] [Fintype (Quotient (MulAction.orbitRel α β))] [(b : β) → Fintype { x // x ∈ MulAction.stabilizer α b }] {φ : Quotient (MulAction.orbitRel α β) → β} (hφ : Function.LeftInverse Quotient.mk'' φ) : Fintype.card β = Finset.sum Finset.univ fun ω => Fintype.card α / Fintype.card { x // x ∈ MulAction.stabilizer α (φ ω) }

Class formula for a finite group acting on a finite type. See MulAction.card_eq_sum_card_group_div_card_stabilizer for a specialized version using Quotient.out'.

theorem AddAction.selfEquivSigmaOrbitsQuotientStabilizer.proof_1 (α : Type u_2) (β : Type u_1) [AddGroup α] [AddAction α β] (q : Quotient (AddAction.orbitRel α β)) : Quotient.mk'' (Quotient.out' q) = q

noncomputable def AddAction.selfEquivSigmaOrbitsQuotientStabilizer (α : Type u) (β : Type v) [AddGroup α] [AddAction α β] : β ≃ (ω : Quotient (AddAction.orbitRel α β)) × α ⧸ AddAction.stabilizer α (Quotient.out' ω)

Class formula. This is a special case of AddAction.self_equiv_sigma_orbits_quotient_stabilizer' with φ = Quotient.out'.

noncomputable def MulAction.selfEquivSigmaOrbitsQuotientStabilizer (α : Type u) (β : Type v) [Group α] [MulAction α β] : β ≃ (ω : Quotient (MulAction.orbitRel α β)) × α ⧸ MulAction.stabilizer α (Quotient.out' ω)

Class formula. This is a special case of MulAction.self_equiv_sigma_orbits_quotient_stabilizer' with φ = Quotient.out'.

theorem AddAction.card_eq_sum_card_addGroup_sub_card_stabilizer (α : Type u) (β : Type v) [AddGroup α] [AddAction α β] [Fintype α] [Fintype β] [Fintype (Quotient (AddAction.orbitRel α β))] [(b : β) → Fintype { x // x ∈ AddAction.stabilizer α b }] : Fintype.card β = Finset.sum Finset.univ fun ω => Fintype.card α / Fintype.card { x // x ∈ AddAction.stabilizer α (Quotient.out' ω) }

Class formula for a finite group acting on a finite type.

theorem MulAction.card_eq_sum_card_group_div_card_stabilizer (α : Type u) (β : Type v) [Group α] [MulAction α β] [Fintype α] [Fintype β] [Fintype (Quotient (MulAction.orbitRel α β))] [(b : β) → Fintype { x // x ∈ MulAction.stabilizer α b }] : Fintype.card β = Finset.sum Finset.univ fun ω => Fintype.card α / Fintype.card { x // x ∈ MulAction.stabilizer α (Quotient.out' ω) }

Class formula for a finite group acting on a finite type.

theorem AddAction.sigmaFixedByEquivOrbitsSumAddGroup.proof_1 (α : Type u_1) (β : Type u_2) [AddGroup α] [AddAction α β] : ∀ (x : α × β), x.fst +ᵥ x.snd = x.snd ↔ x.fst +ᵥ x.snd = x.snd

abbrev AddAction.sigmaFixedByEquivOrbitsSumAddGroup.match_1 (α : Type u_2) (β : Type u_1) [AddGroup α] [AddAction α β] : (x : Quotient (AddAction.orbitRel α β)) → (motive : ↑(AddAction.orbit α (Quotient.out' x)) → Sort u_3) → (x_1 : ↑(AddAction.orbit α (Quotient.out' x))) → ((val : β) → (hb : val ∈ AddAction.orbit α (Quotient.out' x)) → motive { val := val, property := hb }) → motive x_1

noncomputable def AddAction.sigmaFixedByEquivOrbitsSumAddGroup (α : Type u) (β : Type v) [AddGroup α] [AddAction α β] : (a : α) × ↑(AddAction.fixedBy α β a) ≃ Quotient (AddAction.orbitRel α β) × α

Burnside's lemma : a (noncomputable) bijection between the disjoint union of all {x ∈ X | g • x = x} for g ∈ G and the product G × X/G, where G is an additive group acting on X and X/Gdenotes the quotient of X by the relation orbitRel G X.

noncomputable def MulAction.sigmaFixedByEquivOrbitsProdGroup (α : Type u) (β : Type v) [Group α] [MulAction α β] : (a : α) × ↑(MulAction.fixedBy α β a) ≃ Quotient (MulAction.orbitRel α β) × α

Burnside's lemma : a (noncomputable) bijection between the disjoint union of all {x ∈ X | g • x = x} for g ∈ G and the product G × X/G, where G is a group acting on X and X/G denotes the quotient of X by the relation orbitRel G X.

theorem AddAction.sum_card_fixedBy_eq_card_orbits_add_card_addGroup (α : Type u) (β : Type v) [AddGroup α] [AddAction α β] [Fintype α] [(a : α) → Fintype ↑(AddAction.fixedBy α β a)] [Fintype (Quotient (AddAction.orbitRel α β))] : (Finset.sum Finset.univ fun a => Fintype.card ↑(AddAction.fixedBy α β a)) = Fintype.card (Quotient (AddAction.orbitRel α β)) * Fintype.card α

Burnside's lemma : given a finite additive group G acting on a set X, the average number of elements fixed by each g ∈ G is the number of orbits.

theorem MulAction.sum_card_fixedBy_eq_card_orbits_mul_card_group (α : Type u) (β : Type v) [Group α] [MulAction α β] [Fintype α] [(a : α) → Fintype ↑(MulAction.fixedBy α β a)] [Fintype (Quotient (MulAction.orbitRel α β))] : (Finset.sum Finset.univ fun a => Fintype.card ↑(MulAction.fixedBy α β a)) = Fintype.card (Quotient (MulAction.orbitRel α β)) * Fintype.card α

Burnside's lemma : given a finite group G acting on a set X, the average number of elements fixed by each g ∈ G is the number of orbits.

theorem AddAction.isPretransitive_quotient.proof_1 (G : Type u_1) [AddGroup G] (H : AddSubgroup G) : AddAction.IsPretransitive G (G ⧸ H)

instance AddAction.isPretransitive_quotient (G : Type u_1) [AddGroup G] (H : AddSubgroup G) : AddAction.IsPretransitive G (G ⧸ H)

instance MulAction.isPretransitive_quotient (G : Type u_1) [Group G] (H : Subgroup G) : MulAction.IsPretransitive G (G ⧸ H)

theorem ConjClasses.card_carrier {G : Type u_1} [Group G] [Fintype G] (g : G) [Fintype ↑(ConjClasses.carrier (ConjClasses.mk g))] [Fintype { x // x ∈ MulAction.stabilizer (ConjAct G) g }] : Fintype.card ↑(ConjClasses.carrier (ConjClasses.mk g)) = Fintype.card G / Fintype.card { x // x ∈ MulAction.stabilizer (ConjAct G) g }

theorem Subgroup.normalCore_eq_ker {G : Type u_1} [Group G] (H : Subgroup G) : Subgroup.normalCore H = MonoidHom.ker (MulAction.toPermHom G (G ⧸ H))

noncomputable def Subgroup.quotientCentralizerEmbedding {G : Type u_1} [Group G] (g : G) : G ⧸ Subgroup.centralizer ↑(Subgroup.zpowers g) ↪ ↑(commutatorSet G)

Cosets of the centralizer of an element embed into the set of commutators.

theorem Subgroup.quotientCentralizerEmbedding_apply {G : Type u_1} [Group G] (g : G) (x : G) : ↑(Subgroup.quotientCentralizerEmbedding g) ↑x = { val := ⁅x, g⁆, property := (_ : ∃ g₁ g₂, ⁅g₁, g₂⁆ = ⁅x, g⁆) }

noncomputable def Subgroup.quotientCenterEmbedding {G : Type u_1} [Group G] {S : Set G} (hS : Subgroup.closure S = ⊤) : G ⧸ Subgroup.center G ↪ ↑S → ↑(commutatorSet G)

If G is generated by S, then the quotient by the center embeds into S-indexed sequences of commutators.

theorem Subgroup.quotientCenterEmbedding_apply {G : Type u_1} [Group G] {S : Set G} (hS : Subgroup.closure S = ⊤) (g : G) (s : ↑S) : ↑(Subgroup.quotientCenterEmbedding hS) (↑g) s = { val := ⁅g, ↑s⁆, property := (_ : ∃ g₁ g₂, ⁅g₁, g₂⁆ = ⁅g, ↑s⁆) }

theorem card_comm_eq_card_conjClasses_mul_card (G : Type u_1) [Group G] : Nat.card { p // Commute p.fst p.snd } = Nat.card (ConjClasses G) * Nat.card G