# mathlibdocumentation

data.fun_like.basic

# Typeclass for a type F with an injective map to A → B#

This typeclass is primarily for use by homomorphisms like monoid_hom and linear_map.

## Basic usage of fun_like#

A typical type of morphisms should be declared as:

structure my_hom (A B : Type*) [my_class A] [my_class B] :=
(to_fun : A → B)
(map_op' : ∀ {x y : A}, to_fun (my_class.op x y) = my_class.op (to_fun x) (to_fun y))

namespace my_hom

variables (A B : Type*) [my_class A] [my_class B]

-- This instance is optional if you follow the "morphism class" design below:
instance : fun_like (my_hom A B) A (λ _, B) :=
{ coe := my_hom.to_fun, coe_injective' := λ f g h, by cases f; cases g; congr' }

/-- Helper instance for when there's too many metavariables to apply
fun_like.has_coe_to_fun directly. -/
instance : has_coe_to_fun (my_hom A B) (λ _, A → B) := fun_like.has_coe_to_fun

@[simp] lemma to_fun_eq_coe {f : my_hom A B} : f.to_fun = (f : A → B) := rfl

@[ext] theorem ext {f g : my_hom A B} (h : ∀ x, f x = g x) : f = g := fun_like.ext f g h

/-- Copy of a my_hom with a new to_fun equal to the old one. Useful to fix definitional
equalities. -/
protected def copy (f : my_hom A B) (f' : A → B) (h : f' = ⇑f) : my_hom A B :=
{ to_fun := f',
map_op' := h.symm ▸ f.map_op' }

end my_hom


This file will then provide a has_coe_to_fun instance and various extensionality and simp lemmas.

## Morphism classes extending fun_like#

The fun_like design provides further benefits if you put in a bit more work. The first step is to extend fun_like to create a class of those types satisfying the axioms of your new type of morphisms. Continuing the example above:

/-- my_hom_class F A B states that F is a type of my_class.op-preserving morphisms.
You should extend this class when you extend my_hom. -/
class my_hom_class (F : Type*) (A B : out_param $Type*) [my_class A] [my_class B] extends fun_like F A (λ _, B) := (map_op : ∀ (f : F) (x y : A), f (my_class.op x y) = my_class.op (f x) (f y)) @[simp] lemma map_op {F A B : Type*} [my_class A] [my_class B] [my_hom_class F A B] (f : F) (x y : A) : f (my_class.op x y) = my_class.op (f x) (f y) := my_hom_class.map_op -- You can replace my_hom.fun_like with the below instance: instance : my_hom_class (my_hom A B) A B := { coe := my_hom.to_fun, coe_injective' := λ f g h, by cases f; cases g; congr', map_op := my_hom.map_op' } -- [Insert has_coe_to_fun, to_fun_eq_coe, ext and copy here]  The second step is to add instances of your new my_hom_class for all types extending my_hom. Typically, you can just declare a new class analogous to my_hom_class: structure cooler_hom (A B : Type*) [cool_class A] [cool_class B] extends my_hom A B := (map_cool' : to_fun cool_class.cool = cool_class.cool) class cooler_hom_class (F : Type*) (A B : out_param$ Type*) [cool_class A] [cool_class B]
extends my_hom_class F A B :=
(map_cool : ∀ (f : F), f cool_class.cool = cool_class.cool)

@[simp] lemma map_cool {F A B : Type*} [cool_class A] [cool_class B] [cooler_hom_class F A B]
(f : F) : f cool_class.cool = cool_class.cool :=
my_hom_class.map_op

-- You can also replace my_hom.fun_like with the below instance:
instance : cool_hom_class (cool_hom A B) A B :=
{ coe := cool_hom.to_fun,
coe_injective' := λ f g h, by cases f; cases g; congr',
map_op := cool_hom.map_op',
map_cool := cool_hom.map_cool' }

-- [Insert has_coe_to_fun, to_fun_eq_coe, ext and copy here]


Then any declaration taking a specific type of morphisms as parameter can instead take the class you just defined:

-- Compare with: lemma do_something (f : my_hom A B) : sorry := sorry
lemma do_something {F : Type*} [my_hom_class F A B] (f : F) : sorry := sorry


This means anything set up for my_homs will automatically work for cool_hom_classes, and defining cool_hom_class only takes a constant amount of effort, instead of linearly increasing the work per my_hom-related declaration.

@[class]
structure fun_like (F : Sort u_1) (α : out_param (Sort u_2)) (β : out_param (α → Sort u_3)) :
Sort (max 1 (imax u_1 u_2 u_3))
• coe : F → Π (a : α), β a
• coe_injective' :

The class fun_like F α β expresses that terms of type F have an injective coercion to functions from α to β.

This typeclass is used in the definition of the homomorphism typeclasses, such as zero_hom_class, mul_hom_class, monoid_hom_class, ....

Instances of this typeclass
Instances of other typeclasses for fun_like
• fun_like.has_sizeof_inst

### fun_like F α β where β depends on a : α#

@[protected, nolint, instance]
def fun_like.has_coe_to_fun {F : Sort u_1} {α : Sort u_2} {β : α → Sort u_3} [i : α β] :
(λ (_x : F), Π (a : α), β a)
Equations
@[simp]
theorem fun_like.coe_eq_coe_fn {F : Sort u_1} {α : Sort u_2} {β : α → Sort u_3} [i : α β] :
theorem fun_like.coe_injective {F : Sort u_1} {α : Sort u_2} {β : α → Sort u_3} [i : α β] :
@[simp, norm_cast]
theorem fun_like.coe_fn_eq {F : Sort u_1} {α : Sort u_2} {β : α → Sort u_3} [i : α β] {f g : F} :
f = g f = g
theorem fun_like.ext' {F : Sort u_1} {α : Sort u_2} {β : α → Sort u_3} [i : α β] {f g : F} (h : f = g) :
f = g
theorem fun_like.ext'_iff {F : Sort u_1} {α : Sort u_2} {β : α → Sort u_3} [i : α β] {f g : F} :
f = g f = g
theorem fun_like.ext {F : Sort u_1} {α : Sort u_2} {β : α → Sort u_3} [i : α β] (f g : F) (h : ∀ (x : α), f x = g x) :
f = g
theorem fun_like.ext_iff {F : Sort u_1} {α : Sort u_2} {β : α → Sort u_3} [i : α β] {f g : F} :
f = g ∀ (x : α), f x = g x
@[protected]
theorem fun_like.congr_fun {F : Sort u_1} {α : Sort u_2} {β : α → Sort u_3} [i : α β] {f g : F} (h₁ : f = g) (x : α) :
f x = g x
theorem fun_like.ne_iff {F : Sort u_1} {α : Sort u_2} {β : α → Sort u_3} [i : α β] {f g : F} :
f g ∃ (a : α), f a g a
theorem fun_like.exists_ne {F : Sort u_1} {α : Sort u_2} {β : α → Sort u_3} [i : α β] {f g : F} (h : f g) :
∃ (x : α), f x g x

### fun_like F α (λ _, β) where β does not depend on a : α#

@[protected]
theorem fun_like.congr {F : Sort u_1} {α : Sort u_2} {β : Sort u_3} [i : α (λ (_x : α), β)] {f g : F} {x y : α} (h₁ : f = g) (h₂ : x = y) :
f x = g y
@[protected]
theorem fun_like.congr_arg {F : Sort u_1} {α : Sort u_2} {β : Sort u_3} [i : α (λ (_x : α), β)] (f : F) {x y : α} (h₂ : x = y) :
f x = f y