mathlib3 documentation

order.boolean_algebra

(Generalized) Boolean algebras #

THIS FILE IS SYNCHRONIZED WITH MATHLIB4. Any changes to this file require a corresponding PR to mathlib4.

A Boolean algebra is a bounded distributive lattice with a complement operator. Boolean algebras generalize the (classical) logic of propositions and the lattice of subsets of a set.

Generalized Boolean algebras may be less familiar, but they are essentially Boolean algebras which do not necessarily have a top element (⊤) (and hence not all elements may have complements). One example in mathlib is finset α, the type of all finite subsets of an arbitrary (not-necessarily-finite) type α.

generalized_boolean_algebra α is defined to be a distributive lattice with bottom (⊥) admitting a relative complement operator, written using "set difference" notation as x \ y (sdiff x y). For convenience, the boolean_algebra type class is defined to extend generalized_boolean_algebra so that it is also bundled with a \ operator.

(A terminological point: x \ y is the complement of y relative to the interval [⊥, x]. We do not yet have relative complements for arbitrary intervals, as we do not even have lattice intervals.)

Main declarations #

Implementation notes #

The sup_inf_sdiff and inf_inf_sdiff axioms for the relative complement operator in generalized_boolean_algebra are taken from Wikipedia.

Stone's paper introducing generalized Boolean algebras does not define a relative complement operator a \ b for all a, b. Instead, the postulates there amount to an assumption that for all a, b : α where a ≤ b, the equations x ⊔ a = b and x ⊓ a = ⊥ have a solution x. disjoint.sdiff_unique proves that this x is in fact b \ a.

References #

Tags #

generalized Boolean algebras, Boolean algebras, lattices, sdiff, compl

Generalized Boolean algebras #

Some of the lemmas in this section are from:

@[class]
structure generalized_boolean_algebra (α : Type u) :

A generalized Boolean algebra is a distributive lattice with ⊥ and a relative complement operation \ (called sdiff, after "set difference") satisfying (a ⊓ b) ⊔ (a \ b) = a and (a ⊓ b) ⊓ (a \ b) = ⊥, i.e. a \ b is the complement of b in a.

This is a generalization of Boolean algebras which applies to finset α for arbitrary (not-necessarily-fintype) α.

Instances of this typeclass
Instances of other typeclasses for generalized_boolean_algebra
  • generalized_boolean_algebra.has_sizeof_inst
@[simp]
theorem sup_inf_sdiff {α : Type u} [generalized_boolean_algebra α] (x y : α) :
x ⊓ y ⊔ x \ y = x
@[simp]
theorem inf_inf_sdiff {α : Type u} [generalized_boolean_algebra α] (x y : α) :
x ⊓ y ⊓ x \ y = ⊥
@[simp]
theorem sup_sdiff_inf {α : Type u} [generalized_boolean_algebra α] (x y : α) :
x \ y ⊔ x ⊓ y = x
@[simp]
theorem inf_sdiff_inf {α : Type u} [generalized_boolean_algebra α] (x y : α) :
x \ y ⊓ (x ⊓ y) = ⊥
theorem disjoint_inf_sdiff {α : Type u} {x y : α} [generalized_boolean_algebra α] :
disjoint (x ⊓ y) (x \ y)
theorem sdiff_unique {α : Type u} {x y z : α} [generalized_boolean_algebra α] (s : x ⊓ y ⊔ z = x) (i : x ⊓ y ⊓ z = ⊥) :
x \ y = z
@[simp]
theorem sdiff_inf_sdiff {α : Type u} {x y : α} [generalized_boolean_algebra α] :
x \ y ⊓ y \ x = ⊥
theorem disjoint_sdiff_sdiff {α : Type u} {x y : α} [generalized_boolean_algebra α] :
disjoint (x \ y) (y \ x)
@[simp]
theorem inf_sdiff_self_right {α : Type u} {x y : α} [generalized_boolean_algebra α] :
x ⊓ y \ x = ⊥
@[simp]
theorem inf_sdiff_self_left {α : Type u} {x y : α} [generalized_boolean_algebra α] :
y \ x ⊓ x = ⊥
theorem disjoint_sdiff_self_left {α : Type u} {x y : α} [generalized_boolean_algebra α] :
disjoint (y \ x) x
theorem disjoint_sdiff_self_right {α : Type u} {x y : α} [generalized_boolean_algebra α] :
disjoint x (y \ x)
theorem le_sdiff {α : Type u} {x y z : α} [generalized_boolean_algebra α] :
x ≤ y \ z ↔ x ≤ y ∧ disjoint x z
@[simp]
theorem sdiff_eq_left {α : Type u} {x y : α} [generalized_boolean_algebra α] :
x \ y = x ↔ disjoint x y
theorem disjoint.sdiff_eq_of_sup_eq {α : Type u} {x y z : α} [generalized_boolean_algebra α] (hi : disjoint x z) (hs : x ⊔ z = y) :
y \ x = z
@[protected]
theorem disjoint.sdiff_unique {α : Type u} {x y z : α} [generalized_boolean_algebra α] (hd : disjoint x z) (hz : z ≤ y) (hs : y ≤ x ⊔ z) :
y \ x = z
theorem disjoint_sdiff_iff_le {α : Type u} {x y z : α} [generalized_boolean_algebra α] (hz : z ≤ y) (hx : x ≤ y) :
disjoint z (y \ x) ↔ z ≤ x
theorem le_iff_disjoint_sdiff {α : Type u} {x y z : α} [generalized_boolean_algebra α] (hz : z ≤ y) (hx : x ≤ y) :
z ≤ x ↔ disjoint z (y \ x)
theorem inf_sdiff_eq_bot_iff {α : Type u} {x y z : α} [generalized_boolean_algebra α] (hz : z ≤ y) (hx : x ≤ y) :
z ⊓ y \ x = ⊥ ↔ z ≤ x
theorem le_iff_eq_sup_sdiff {α : Type u} {x y z : α} [generalized_boolean_algebra α] (hz : z ≤ y) (hx : x ≤ y) :
x ≤ z ↔ y = z ⊔ y \ x
theorem sdiff_sup {α : Type u} {x y z : α} [generalized_boolean_algebra α] :
y \ (x ⊔ z) = y \ x ⊓ y \ z
theorem sdiff_eq_sdiff_iff_inf_eq_inf {α : Type u} {x y z : α} [generalized_boolean_algebra α] :
y \ x = y \ z ↔ y ⊓ x = y ⊓ z
theorem sdiff_eq_self_iff_disjoint {α : Type u} {x y : α} [generalized_boolean_algebra α] :
x \ y = x ↔ disjoint y x
theorem sdiff_eq_self_iff_disjoint' {α : Type u} {x y : α} [generalized_boolean_algebra α] :
x \ y = x ↔ disjoint x y
theorem sdiff_lt {α : Type u} {x y : α} [generalized_boolean_algebra α] (hx : y ≤ x) (hy : y ≠ ⊥) :
x \ y < x
@[simp]
theorem le_sdiff_iff {α : Type u} {x y : α} [generalized_boolean_algebra α] :
x ≤ y \ x ↔ x = ⊥
theorem sdiff_lt_sdiff_right {α : Type u} {x y z : α} [generalized_boolean_algebra α] (h : x < y) (hz : z ≤ x) :
x \ z < y \ z
theorem sup_inf_inf_sdiff {α : Type u} {x y z : α} [generalized_boolean_algebra α] :
x ⊓ y ⊓ z ⊔ y \ z = x ⊓ y ⊔ y \ z
theorem sdiff_sdiff_right {α : Type u} {x y z : α} [generalized_boolean_algebra α] :
x \ (y \ z) = x \ y ⊔ x ⊓ y ⊓ z
theorem sdiff_sdiff_right' {α : Type u} {x y z : α} [generalized_boolean_algebra α] :
x \ (y \ z) = x \ y ⊔ x ⊓ z
theorem sdiff_sdiff_eq_sdiff_sup {α : Type u} {x y z : α} [generalized_boolean_algebra α] (h : z ≤ x) :
x \ (y \ z) = x \ y ⊔ z
@[simp]
theorem sdiff_sdiff_right_self {α : Type u} {x y : α} [generalized_boolean_algebra α] :
x \ (x \ y) = x ⊓ y
theorem sdiff_sdiff_eq_self {α : Type u} {x y : α} [generalized_boolean_algebra α] (h : y ≤ x) :
x \ (x \ y) = y
theorem sdiff_eq_symm {α : Type u} {x y z : α} [generalized_boolean_algebra α] (hy : y ≤ x) (h : x \ y = z) :
x \ z = y
theorem sdiff_eq_comm {α : Type u} {x y z : α} [generalized_boolean_algebra α] (hy : y ≤ x) (hz : z ≤ x) :
x \ y = z ↔ x \ z = y
theorem eq_of_sdiff_eq_sdiff {α : Type u} {x y z : α} [generalized_boolean_algebra α] (hxz : x ≤ z) (hyz : y ≤ z) (h : z \ x = z \ y) :
x = y
theorem sdiff_sdiff_left' {α : Type u} {x y z : α} [generalized_boolean_algebra α] :
x \ y \ z = x \ y ⊓ x \ z
theorem sdiff_sdiff_sup_sdiff {α : Type u} {x y z : α} [generalized_boolean_algebra α] :
z \ (x \ y ⊔ y \ x) = z ⊓ (z \ x ⊔ y) ⊓ (z \ y ⊔ x)
theorem sdiff_sdiff_sup_sdiff' {α : Type u} {x y z : α} [generalized_boolean_algebra α] :
z \ (x \ y ⊔ y \ x) = z ⊓ x ⊓ y ⊔ z \ x ⊓ z \ y
theorem inf_sdiff {α : Type u} {x y z : α} [generalized_boolean_algebra α] :
(x ⊓ y) \ z = x \ z ⊓ y \ z
theorem inf_sdiff_assoc {α : Type u} {x y z : α} [generalized_boolean_algebra α] :
(x ⊓ y) \ z = x ⊓ y \ z
theorem inf_sdiff_right_comm {α : Type u} {x y z : α} [generalized_boolean_algebra α] :
x \ z ⊓ y = (x ⊓ y) \ z
theorem inf_sdiff_distrib_left {α : Type u} [generalized_boolean_algebra α] (a b c : α) :
a ⊓ b \ c = (a ⊓ b) \ (a ⊓ c)
theorem inf_sdiff_distrib_right {α : Type u} [generalized_boolean_algebra α] (a b c : α) :
a \ b ⊓ c = (a ⊓ c) \ (b ⊓ c)
theorem disjoint_sdiff_comm {α : Type u} {x y z : α} [generalized_boolean_algebra α] :
disjoint (x \ z) y ↔ disjoint x (y \ z)
theorem sup_eq_sdiff_sup_sdiff_sup_inf {α : Type u} {x y : α} [generalized_boolean_algebra α] :
x ⊔ y = x \ y ⊔ y \ x ⊔ x ⊓ y
theorem sup_lt_of_lt_sdiff_left {α : Type u} {x y z : α} [generalized_boolean_algebra α] (h : y < z \ x) (hxz : x ≤ z) :
x ⊔ y < z
theorem sup_lt_of_lt_sdiff_right {α : Type u} {x y z : α} [generalized_boolean_algebra α] (h : x < z \ y) (hyz : y ≤ z) :
x ⊔ y < z
@[protected, instance]
Equations

Boolean algebras #

@[instance]
@[instance]
def boolean_algebra.to_has_bot (α : Type u) [self : boolean_algebra α] :
@[instance]
def boolean_algebra.to_has_top (α : Type u) [self : boolean_algebra α] :
@[instance]
@[class]
structure boolean_algebra (α : Type u) :

A Boolean algebra is a bounded distributive lattice with a complement operator ᶜ such that x ⊓ xᶜ = ⊥ and x ⊔ xᶜ = ⊤. For convenience, it must also provide a set difference operation \ and a Heyting implication ⇨ satisfying x \ y = x ⊓ yᶜ and x ⇨ y = y ⊔ xᶜ.

This is a generalization of (classical) logic of propositions, or the powerset lattice.

Since bounded_order, order_bot, and order_top are mixins that require has_le to be present at define-time, the extends mechanism does not work with them. Instead, we extend using the underlying has_bot and has_top data typeclasses, and replicate the order axioms of those classes here. A "forgetful" instance back to bounded_order is provided.

Instances of this typeclass
Instances of other typeclasses for boolean_algebra
  • boolean_algebra.has_sizeof_inst
@[instance]
def boolean_algebra.to_has_himp (α : Type u) [self : boolean_algebra α] :
@[reducible]

A bounded generalized boolean algebra is a boolean algebra.

Equations
@[simp]
theorem inf_compl_eq_bot' {α : Type u} {x : α} [boolean_algebra α] :
@[simp]
theorem sup_compl_eq_top {α : Type u} {x : α} [boolean_algebra α] :
@[simp]
theorem compl_sup_eq_top {α : Type u} {x : α} [boolean_algebra α] :
theorem is_compl_compl {α : Type u} {x : α} [boolean_algebra α] :
theorem sdiff_eq {α : Type u} {x y : α} [boolean_algebra α] :
x \ y = x ⊓ yᶜ
theorem himp_eq {α : Type u} {x y : α} [boolean_algebra α] :
x ⇨ y = y ⊔ xᶜ
@[simp]
theorem hnot_eq_compl {α : Type u} {x : α} [boolean_algebra α] :
@[simp]
theorem top_sdiff {α : Type u} {x : α} [boolean_algebra α] :
⊤ \ x = xᶜ
theorem eq_compl_iff_is_compl {α : Type u} {x y : α} [boolean_algebra α] :
x = yᶜ ↔ is_compl x y
theorem compl_eq_iff_is_compl {α : Type u} {x y : α} [boolean_algebra α] :
xᶜ = y ↔ is_compl x y
theorem compl_eq_comm {α : Type u} {x y : α} [boolean_algebra α] :
xᶜ = y ↔ yᶜ = x
theorem eq_compl_comm {α : Type u} {x y : α} [boolean_algebra α] :
x = yᶜ ↔ y = xᶜ
@[simp]
theorem compl_compl {α : Type u} [boolean_algebra α] (x : α) :
@[simp]
theorem compl_inj_iff {α : Type u} {x y : α} [boolean_algebra α] :
xᶜ = yᶜ ↔ x = y
theorem is_compl.compl_eq_iff {α : Type u} {x y z : α} [boolean_algebra α] (h : is_compl x y) :
zᶜ = y ↔ z = x
@[simp]
theorem compl_eq_top {α : Type u} {x : α} [boolean_algebra α] :
@[simp]
theorem compl_eq_bot {α : Type u} {x : α} [boolean_algebra α] :
@[simp]
theorem compl_inf {α : Type u} {x y : α} [boolean_algebra α] :
(x ⊓ y)ᶜ = xᶜ ⊔ yᶜ
@[simp]
theorem compl_le_compl_iff_le {α : Type u} {x y : α} [boolean_algebra α] :
yᶜ ≤ xᶜ ↔ x ≤ y
theorem compl_le_of_compl_le {α : Type u} {x y : α} [boolean_algebra α] (h : yᶜ ≤ x) :
xᶜ ≤ y
theorem compl_le_iff_compl_le {α : Type u} {x y : α} [boolean_algebra α] :
xᶜ ≤ y ↔ yᶜ ≤ x
@[simp]
theorem sdiff_compl {α : Type u} {x y : α} [boolean_algebra α] :
x \ yᶜ = x ⊓ y
@[simp]
theorem sup_inf_inf_compl {α : Type u} {x y : α} [boolean_algebra α] :
x ⊓ y ⊔ x ⊓ yᶜ = x
@[simp]
theorem compl_sdiff {α : Type u} {x y : α} [boolean_algebra α] :
(x \ y)ᶜ = x ⇨ y
@[simp]
theorem compl_himp {α : Type u} {x y : α} [boolean_algebra α] :
(x ⇨ y)ᶜ = x \ y
@[simp]
theorem compl_sdiff_compl {α : Type u} {x y : α} [boolean_algebra α] :
xᶜ \ yᶜ = y \ x
@[simp]
theorem compl_himp_compl {α : Type u} {x y : α} [boolean_algebra α] :
xᶜ ⇨ yᶜ = y ⇨ x
theorem disjoint_compl_left_iff {α : Type u} {x y : α} [boolean_algebra α] :
theorem disjoint_compl_right_iff {α : Type u} {x y : α} [boolean_algebra α] :
theorem codisjoint_himp_self_left {α : Type u} {x y : α} [boolean_algebra α] :
codisjoint (x ⇨ y) x
theorem codisjoint_himp_self_right {α : Type u} {x y : α} [boolean_algebra α] :
codisjoint x (x ⇨ y)
theorem himp_le {α : Type u} {x y z : α} [boolean_algebra α] :
x ⇨ y ≤ z ↔ y ≤ z ∧ codisjoint x z
@[protected, instance]
Equations
@[protected, instance]
Equations
@[simp]
@[simp]
@[protected, reducible]
def function.injective.generalized_boolean_algebra {α : Type u} {β : Type u_1} [has_sup α] [has_inf α] [has_bot α] [has_sdiff α] [generalized_boolean_algebra β] (f : α → β) (hf : function.injective f) (map_sup : ∀ (a b : α), f (a ⊔ b) = f a ⊔ f b) (map_inf : ∀ (a b : α), f (a ⊓ b) = f a ⊓ f b) (map_bot : f ⊥ = ⊥) (map_sdiff : ∀ (a b : α), f (a \ b) = f a \ f b) :

Pullback a generalized_boolean_algebra along an injection.

Equations
@[protected, reducible]
def function.injective.boolean_algebra {α : Type u} {β : Type u_1} [has_sup α] [has_inf α] [has_top α] [has_bot α] [has_compl α] [has_sdiff α] [boolean_algebra β] (f : α → β) (hf : function.injective f) (map_sup : ∀ (a b : α), f (a ⊔ b) = f a ⊔ f b) (map_inf : ∀ (a b : α), f (a ⊓ b) = f a ⊓ f b) (map_top : f ⊤ = ⊤) (map_bot : f ⊥ = ⊥) (map_compl : ∀ (a : α), f aᶜ = (f a)ᶜ) (map_sdiff : ∀ (a b : α), f (a \ b) = f a \ f b) :

Pullback a boolean_algebra along an injection.

Equations